Making Information Technology Accessible
Generally, the first step to web accessibility is to understand that not everyone will experience the material being presented in the same way. Taking those differences and the special needs that accompany them into consideration is at the heart of accessibility.
Many disabled individuals use assistive technology to access the Internet.
For those with limited vision, this may be something as simple as increasing the size and/or contrast of text on a web page. Many totally blind individuals rely on more sophisticated solutions such as screen readers or Braille output devices. Accessible web pages are constructed in a way that allows the adaptive technology to properly translate the content.
Obviously, the deaf will not be able to hear audible cues, voiceovers or background music. Dependence on such features is reduced by including visual cues, where appropriate.
People with other physical infirmities may not be able to use the mouse or the keyboard. Adherence to web accessibility guidelines and standards can assist those using alternative input devices.
These are the types of factors that must be considered when designing for accessibility. Depending on the type of material being presented, making accessible web content can mean making some minor considerations when initially designing a site or it can involve a major investment of time and/or money. Creating accessible web content that maintains graphic appeal requires a high level of skill and a strong familiarity with the standards.
Thankfully, much research has been done on this subject and detailed guidelines, checkpoints and specifications are available to help the conscientious web developer make an accessible product.